Posts Tagged ‘Vancouver’
Monday, December 20th, 2010
The basic equations of the theory are given in the table. Equation (1) says that the demand for money depends on the value of transactions. Equation (2) says that the supply of money is a constant, M (set by the central bank at whatever level it desires). Equation (3) states the equilibrium condition that the demand for money must equal its supply. Substitution produces the basic relation among P, M, and Y as shown in the equations (4), (4a), and (4b).
Simple quantity theory. The original form of the quantity theory assumes that k is a constant given by the transaction demand for money and that Y is constant because of full employment. Thus M and P move proportionally; see equation (4a). Increases or decreases in the money supply lead to proportional increases or decreases in prices.
Modified quantity theory. The L-shaped relation modifies the simple quantity theory. It embodies two distinct assumptions: first, that the price level never falls, and second, that different variables are fixed in different situations.
For increases in M in full-employment situations, (4a) applies. The real level of national income, Y, is a constant, thus making the entire expression 1/kY a constant. In these circumstances the price level, P, rises in direct proportion to increases in M.
For changes in M in less than full-employment situations, and for decreases in M when at full employment with stable prices, (4b) applies. The price level, P, is constant, thus making the entire expression 1/kP a constant. In such circumstances, real national income, Y, varies in direct proportion to M.
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- Investing 101: Fighting Inflation Today, in a very special Investing 101 column, we're going to consider ways to help inflation-proof your portfolio. Q: What is inflation? A: That's something of a complicated question. The basic definition is that inflation is an economy-wide increase in...
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Tags: 4a, Assumptions, Brooks Alberta, Circumstances, Decreases, Demand For Money, Direct Proportion, Employment Situations, Equilibrium Condition, Expression, Full Employment, Gmc, Lead, Money Supply, Money Value, Quantity Theory, Stable Prices, Theory Assumes That, Vancouver, Variables, Winnipeg
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Monday, December 13th, 2010
When originally developed, the quantity theory was part of the classical model in which the equilibrium level of national income was always at full employment. But times change, and with them the assumptions that it seems interesting to use in one’s theory. Just as Keynesian theory, originally developed to handle situations of deflationary gaps, can be adapted to analyze inflationary gaps, so the quantity theory can be adapted to handle situations of persistent unemployment.
This is easily done by considering situations in which the price level is fixed and there is unemployment in the economy. Now changes in aggregate demand brought about by changes in the supply of money will cause real income and employment to change in just the way that they change when aggregate demand changes for any reason. In these circumstances the quantity theory becomes a theory of variations in real national income in response to monetary changes in the economy.
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- Welcome Welcome to weblog that discusses bulk water. This weblog site is provided by Aquazeal the New Zealand company that exports pure New Zealand water. This weblog is intended to share thoughts about the supply and demand of bulk water globally. ...
Tags: Aggregate Demand, Assumptions, Circumstances, Classical Model, Demand Changes, Economy, Equilibrium Level, Full Employment, Gaps, Gm, Gm Dealers, Keynesian Theory, Long Stay, Money Supply, Persistent Unemployment, Quantity Theory, Reason, Vancouver, Variations, Winnipeg
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Thursday, February 18th, 2010
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It can be stated that “Economics is the study of mankind in the standard ordinary business of life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material prerequisites of well being.”
It can also be said that the significance of the fact that the means of satisfying human needs and wants are available only in limited quantities , so that when these means are employed to achieve the objectives of parceling out limited resources , other objectives must by necessity be relinquished/
Thus economics can be considered as a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means .
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Wednesday, October 28th, 2009
After Wars end, prices rose more sharply than they had done during the wartime period itself, and reached a peak during the Korean War. Thereafter, they declined abruptly, but edged upward again after 1954. Consumer prices, represented by the dotted line, followed the general trend of wholesale prices. They did not rise quite so sharply during inflationary periods however, nor did they fall as precipitously during deflationary periods.
Two reasons, it may be suggested, are chiefly responsible for the fact that retail prices fluctuated within a narrower range than did wholesale prices. Firstly, a larger proportion of the goods and services sold at retail are produced by powerful monopolistic organizations which hold their prices steady despite sharp changes in cost and demand conditions. On the other hand, much of the goods sold at wholesale – farm products particularly – are produced by a relatively large number of producers, under highly competitive conditions. Secondly, a considerable proportion of a retailer’s costs – his expenditures on rent, interest and wages, for instance – tend to remain fairly stable. If they do change, they move sluggishly. Even though prices of the goods he buys from wholesalers may rise sharply, the retailer’s total costs will not rise by nearly the same proportion. Similarly, if wholesale prices fall, a retailer’s total costs will fall less than proportionately. Hence we find that sharp percentage changes in the wholesale prices of raw materials bring about much smaller percentage changes in the prices of the finished goods into which they are fabricated.
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- Changing the Guitar Strings pt 4 Take a long hard look at the strings on your acoustic guitar. Are they in good shape? What shape are they currently in? Do they appear to be rusty or discolored? Are all of your six strings present? If it...
- Home Prices Fall 9.7%: An Explanation Rather than paraphrase the explanations and pretend I'm intelligent, I'll just paste them below. These were taken from today's Wall Street Journal.U.S. new-home sales jumped unexpectedly in September by 5.3%, but prices were lower. The average price of a new...
Tags: Ater, Dotted Line, Expenditures, Finished Goods, Gmc, Gmc Truck, Inflationary Periods, Korean War, Mediation, Percentage Changes, Principles Of Economics, Producers, Proportion, Raw Materials, Retail Prices, Trend, Vancouver, Wages, Wartime Period, Wholesale, Wholesale Prices, Wholesalers
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Wednesday, October 21st, 2009
During an uncertain market, it’s understandable to be concerned about how market events could affect your investment. But it’s important to remember that market volatility is a normal part of economic cycles. It presents an opportunity to invest in stocks or other market based investment at discounted prices. If your investment portfolio is based on your risk tolerance and is properly diversified across many sectors, investment styles and geographic regions, short-term volatility will have little, if any, effect on your long-term retirement and savings goals.
It’s also important to remember that, historically, there have been various major events that had dramatic short-term impacts on the markets. Looking back, these are now mere blips on financial market radars. Generally, people who stay invested are typically rewarded in the long run.
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Thursday, October 8th, 2009
In a 2005 survey 87% of US citizens said they wanted to redefine the word “retirement.” For them, it’s no longer a fixed point in time, but the freedom to choose the lifestyle they want, creating balance between periods of leisure, family and friends, volunteering, education – and even work.
For the boomer generation, the notion of retirement is changing. Rather than a time for zest and relaxation, it is now considered as a time of personal reinvention and opportunity – a new, exciting chapter in life. However, the reality of retirement is changing, too. Debt, longevity, and lack of planning are just some of the factors that may influence their level of lifetime income and security. What does this mean for you? There’s an overwhelming need for advice and guidance.
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