Despite the criticisms of monopolies, there are certain industries in which monopoly is the only logical form of organization. The best examples of this are public utilities and services: the public interest would not be served by having a dozen different companies providing gas, water, electricity, telephone service and local public transportation. The situation would be simply chaotic, which is why such industries are sometimes referred to as natural monopolies.
While monopoly is the only logical situation in such industries, there would be dangers in leaving such economic power in the hands of private businesses. As a result, natural monopolies are typically either nationalized (placed under government ownership and operation) or subjected to regulation of their prices. Sometimes their rates (prices) are regulated in such a way to permit the company to earn a certain rate of return on its shareholder’s investment, so as to be fair to both consumers and shareholders.
Many people believe that when natural monopolies are regulated by the government or by a board, these monopolies are therefore subject to control by the public. However, the matter or regulating monopolies is not as quite as simple as that. In order to regulate reasonably the prices to be charged by a natural monopoly, the people responsible for determining the regulations must possess considerable knowledge concerning that industry.
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