Posts Tagged ‘Shareholders’

Natural Monopolies

Sunday, October 3rd, 2010


Despite the criticisms of monopolies, there are certain industries in which monopoly is the only logical form of organization. The best examples of this are public utilities and services: the public interest would not be served by having a dozen different companies providing gas, water, electricity, telephone service and local public transportation. The situation would be simply chaotic, which is why such industries are sometimes referred to as natural monopolies.

While monopoly is the only logical situation in such industries, there would be dangers in leaving such economic power in the hands of private businesses. As a result, natural monopolies are typically either nationalized (placed under government ownership and operation) or subjected to regulation of their prices. Sometimes their rates (prices) are regulated in such a way to permit the company to earn a certain rate of return on its shareholder’s investment, so as to be fair to both consumers and shareholders.

Many people believe that when natural monopolies are regulated by the government or by a board, these monopolies are therefore subject to control by the public. However, the matter or regulating monopolies is not as quite as simple as that. In order to regulate reasonably the prices to be charged by a natural monopoly, the people responsible for determining the regulations must possess considerable knowledge concerning that industry.

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New Terms

Tuesday, August 31st, 2010


Sole Proprietorship - A business firm owned (and usually managed) by a single person who bears full legal liability for the firms debts.

Partnership – A business firm owned by two or more persons, with each person bearing full legal liability for the firm’s debts.

Corporation – A business firm which is a separate legal entity from its owners, or shareholders, each of whose liability is limited to the amount of his or her investment in the firm.

Conglomerate – A group of seemingly unrelated types of corporations controlled in varying degrees by a central management group, through “holding companies” which own shares in those corporations.

Crown Corporation – A corporation owned by a government, being ultimately responsible, through a cabinet minister, to that government.

Proxy – A legal instrument whereby a shareholder’s right to vote at shareholder’s meetings is delegated to another person, either with or without specific instructions as to how that vote will be exercised.

Board of Directors – A group of people elected by the shareholders of a corporation to provide direction to the management of the corporation.

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Canadian Microeconomics:Problems and Policies

Sunday, July 11th, 2010


This idea is reinforced further by the fact that many directors serve on the boards of several companies, in what are called “interlocking directorships,” which tends to magnify their influence further. About one-quarter of Canadian corporate directors have significant “interlocking” connections, many of which are effected through Canada’s large and powerful chartered banks, as senior personnel from large corporations often serve on the boards of the banks and vice versa. There are different views concerning the significance of this so-called corporate business elite, with some observers feeling reassured by the stability and judgment that it provides, others seeing in it something threatening and sinister, and still others doubting whether its significance with respect to the actual operational decisions of Canada’s major corporations is as great as is often supposed.

Regardless of which of these views is the more accurate, it can be said in conclusion that large corporations play a very important role in the Canadian economy, even greater relatively to the size of the economy than in the USA, and that in these large corporations, control is often separated from ownership. Widespread small shareholders are not in a position to exercise active control. As a result, control tends to shift, depending on the circumstances, to the top management of the corporation or to the groups of influential members of the Board of Directors. Generally, neither top managers nor directors are major shareholders in their corporation; their claim to control over the corporation is based on their expertise rather than on ownership.

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Oakmark Select I

Sunday, June 6th, 2010


Sometimes even Old Masters go through a funk. In an August letter to his shareholders, Oakmark Select manager Bill Nygren laid it on the line. Housing related favorites such as Washington Mutual and Pulte Homes were getting pummeled. Other holdings in 20-stock portfolio, like McDonald’s and Viacom, weren’t doing much better. Calling his fund’s performance since the end of the second quarter “dreadful,” Nygren said the preceding weeks had been “as frustrating as any period” in his career.

The frustration has only continued. All told, the fund has lost more than 12% in 2007, badly lagging the S&P 500. As a patient and disciplined value investor, though, Nygren still sees plenty of promise in his $5.3 billion fund’s lineup. “We believe that, in general, the names in the portfolio are better values today than they were six months ago,” he says.

That spells opportunity to buy a top-notch fund while it’s down. In fact, Nygren wrote in his letter that he had just put more of his own money into the fund. “If people think we’re as stupid as our one-year record makes us look, then they shouldn’t own our fund,” Nygren says. But for investors who think the firm’s ten-year record is more indicative, he says, “this could be a very interesting time to make new or additional investments in the fund.”

We agree. Despite the recent turmoil, Oakmark Select has gained nearly 13% a year over the past ten years, trumping the S&P. With conscientious management, a reasonable 0.99% expense ratio, and the promise of patience, the fund offers plenty of reasons for investors to think brighter days lie ahead.

Every now and then, old and new can work well together. Just ask Chuck Akre. After being closed to new investors for more than two years, the veteran money manager’s 11-year old fund, formerly FBR Small Cap, reopened in January – and welcomed a fresh influx of more than $550 million. With cash accounting for more than a third of the portfolio, FBR also announced over the summer that it would change the fund’s name and eliminate it’s policy of investing at least 80% of assets in companies with market values of less than $3 billion. The moves mean that Akre now has the flexibility to buy stocks of larger companies – or to hold large cash positions while waiting for opportunities.

Despite those shifts, Akre’s $1.6 billion portfolio has remained remarkably stable – as has the investing approach that produced annualized gains of 15% over the past ten years. “Our investment style hasn’t changed an iota,” he says. Indeed, investments must still meet strict valuation criteria: Akre will pay only a modest multiple of free cash flow per share, typically between ten and 20, depending on the business. Akre says he will still keep a concentrated portfolio of around 40 stocks, and he’ll continue to look for “little compounding machines” – businesses that have a relatively high return on capital (15% or higher), with solid management teams and opportunities to reinvest excess cash to juice returns.

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Mutual Fund Dividends

Wednesday, March 10th, 2010


A mutual fund is a trust or corporation that manages a pool of capital for its unit holders. Most mutual funds are organized as trusts. The fund sells shares to raise the capital that it then invests in a portfolio of securities, according to the investment advisor and the objectives of the fund.

A mutual fund dividend is a distribution to shareholders of income and realized capital gains earned during the year by the investments in the fund’s portfolio. A mutual fund trust pays a distribution while a mutual fund corporation pays a dividend. For simplicity, in this article, we will use the term “dividend”. Mutual fund investments earn income in the form of interest and dividends. Realized capital gains represent the profit made when an investment within the mutual fund is sold at a greater price than its average cost.

A dividend is paid to pass through to unit holders the income and realized capital gains earned in the fund. The unit holders are issued tax slips to report this income.

The price of mutual fund rises with the accumulation of income and realized capital gains. When the distribution or dividend is paid, the net asset value of the fund drops by the value of the distribution. Most unit holders elect to reinvest the dividend which means buying additional shares at the lower (ex-dividend price). The net effect to these unit holders is that their fund will have the same total value the day after the dividend as the day before but they will have more shares.

How is it that the value of my account can drop to a lower level over the course or a year but I will still have to pay tax on my dividends?

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Investment Advice

Friday, January 30th, 2009


Prajna Capital – An Investment Guide: ULIPs – Safe & Stable – Moreover, being an insurance product, you enjoy tax benefits under section 80C on the assets generated via this plan. DISCIPLINED APPROACH. Seek discipline and find your liberty. If you believe in this philosophy, then a regular premium Ulip … This product works like a systematic investment plan and acts as a hedge against volatility in the stock market. Along with the long term portfolio profile, systematic investment in Ulip acts as an additional risk-mitigation tool. …

Angry Bear: Op-Ed: Misplaced Handwringing on the Stimulus – This is not, of course, to say that we should throw long-term fiscal discipline out the window (in fact, I think Republicans were foolish when they in fact defenestrated that part of the Rubin-Summers program). Now a good Republican should object that business investment is subject to market discipline including affirmative planning to generate sufficient expected income to repay the debt and provide returns to shareholders, whereas political processes can be waylaid in …

Living Stingy: THE PROBLEM – LIVING IN AMERICA – The basic problem most people face is how most Americans live in America – from paycheck to paycheck, day-to-day, without any long-term planning beyond the next pay period. The average American looks at money in terms of … Yes, this takes discipline and talent, but it CAN be done. This, by the way, is how I ended up with six cars. (I use this as an example. In a future article, I’ll pick apart lease agreements in more detail.) The point is, by concentrating only on …

Why Some Are Reluctant to Seek Professional Investment Advice … – However, they often lack the tools to be precise and the discipline to develop a long-term plan. We’re familiar with many of these frustrations because they, in large part, are the impetus behind why we formed RetireHub. …

How to Stop Wondering ‘What Happened’ to Your Business | RISMedia – “This plan becomes the step-by-step blueprint to productivity and abundance in your life. When you have completed your plan, you have created a discipline with a wildly outrageous potential for personal and financial growth. … “Your business plan should make a connection between your daily activities, your desired results, and the systems and leverage necessary to sustain a predictable and long term commitment to your goals,” says Horner-Baker. …

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